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After the first Gulf War, the UN sought to establish a safe haven in parts of Kurdistan, and the United States and UK set up a no-fly zone. Iraq: In 1986–89, Saddam Hussein conducted a genocidal campaign in which tens of thousands were murdered and thousands of Kurdish villages destroyed, including by bombing and chemical warfare. The situation is worse in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, where the Kurds are a minority people subjected to ethnically targeted violations of human rights. In Iran, though there have been small separatist movements, Kurds are mostly subjected to the same repressive treatment as everyone else (though they also face Persian and Shi’ite chauvinism, and a number of Kurdish political prisoners were recently executed). After World War I, their lands were divided up between Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. The Kurds, who share ethnic and cultural similarities with Iranians and are mostly Muslim by religion (largely Sunni but with many minorities), have long struggled for self-determination. But the truth is, ideologically and politically these are very, very different systems.
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right now, yes, the people are facing the Islamic State threat, so it’s very important to have a unified focus. Hen we refer to all Kurdish fighters synonymously, we simply blur the fact that they have very different politics. Carter has even ordered the Pentagon to study how many missiles would be needed for “minimum deterrence.” Vice-President Mondale’s first trip to Europe was marked by pressure on France and West Germany to curb nuclear exports. cruise missile and the Soviet Backfire bomber in order to obtain quick consummation of a SALT II treaty (2) wants a rapid halt to underground nuclear tests and advance notice of missile tests (3) personally intends to review all arms sales. In his inaugural address, Jimmy Carter reiterated a campaign theme when he said: “We will move this year a step toward our ultimate goal- the elimination of all nuclear weapons from this earth.” In his first contacts with the press, the new President asserted that he: (1) is prepared to bypass the dispute over the U.S. The Carter administration, however, is changing the climate in which decisions about arms are made. Predictions of nuclear war in this century have multiplied, particularly since India showed that a Third World country could develop a nuclear”device” from atoms supposedly designed for peaceful purposes. Until recently, these interlocked arms races have cast a deepening sense of despair among the specialists who monitor them.
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All three have been flourishing, at a worldwide cost of over $300 billion a year. There are three simultaneous arms races-the Soviet-American competition in nuclear arms, the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries, and the worldwide traffic in conventional arms.